Sell

To dispose of, offer to dispose of or exchange any animal, fish, invertebrate, wildlife by-product or pelt or obtain for a person or allow a person to obtain an animal, pelt or fish by any means, in return for a promised or received benefit;

Quebec Chapter 6-61.1

Wild

Whether or not raised in captivity, normally are found in a wild state

18 U.S.C. 42

Wholesaler

An entity registered as a wholesale business within their respective state/province

Aquatic Invasive Species

Nonnative wildlife or plant species that has been determined by the department to pose a significant threat to the aquatic resources or water infrastructure of the state

Iowa Code 456A.37 AIS - prevention and control

Freshwater or marine plants, animals, and micro-organisms introduced outside their natural or past distribution that have significant negative impacts on the environment, economy, society and human health.

Canadian Action Plan to Address the Threat of Aquatic Invasive Species (2023), in review

A nonindigenous species that threatens the diversity or abundance of native species or the ecological stability of infested waters, or commercial, agricultural, aquacultural or recreational activities dependent on such waters.

Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 COMPS-2976.pdf (govinfo.gov)

Alien Species

Any species, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that is not native to that ecosystem

Executive Order 13112 Invasive Species 99-3184.pdf (govinfo.gov)

Biosecurity

the protection of the environment, economy, and society from the negative impacts of invasive species, including pre-border preparedness, border protection, and post-border management and control.

Canadian Action Plan to Address the Threat of Aquatic Invasive Species (2023), in review

Contaminant - pathway category (CBD)

Contaminant refers to the unintentional movement of live organisms as contaminants of a commodity that is intentionally transferred through the movement of people and goods, e.g. as a consequence of travels and trade, and similar activities (examples are development assistance, or emergency relief programmes). This includes pests and diseases of animals and plants, and their parts and derivatives, such as food, seeds, timber and other products of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries as well as contaminants of other products.

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/9d85/3bc5/d640f059d03acd717602cd76/sbstta-22-inf-09-en.pdf

Corridors - pathway category (CBD)

The Corridors pathway category refers to movement of alien species into a new region following the construction of transport infrastructures in whose absence spread would not have been possible. Such corridors include infrastructures built in marine or other aquatic environments, such as canals (connecting river catchments, lakes and seas) and tunnels or bridges, but also roads and railways, linking terrestrial environments, such as mountain valleys or oceanic islands.

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/9d85/3bc5/d640f059d03acd717602cd76/sbstta-22-inf-09-en.pdf

Country of Export

Where wildlife was shipped from

USFWS Form 3-177

Country of Origin

Where the wildlife was born (does not change along the supply chain)

USFWS Form 3-177

E-Commerce

The trading of goods and services on the internet

Amazon.com

Escape - pathway category (CBD)

The Escape category and pathways within refer to the unintentional escape into the wild of species intentionally brought into the region to be kept in confinement or controlled situations, such as zoos, aquaria, botanic gardens, agricultural systems, or private collections, for specific purposes (e.g. public display, decoration, scientific research, companionship, etc.).

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/9d85/3bc5/d640f059d03acd717602cd76/sbstta-22-inf-09-en.pdf

Established

Population shows evidence of successful reproduction (i.e., presence of multiple life stages or year classes) and overwinter survival

https://nas.er.usgs.gov/about/faq.aspx

Hobbyist

A person who engages in a hobby, an interest, or activity pursued for pleasure or relaxation and not as one's main occupation

Dictionary.com

Import

To bring into Wisconsin or arrange for another person to bring into Wisconsin

Wis. Adm. Code NR 40

To land on, bring into, or introduce into, any place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, whether or not such landing, bringing, or introduction constitutes an importation within the meaning of the customs laws of the United States.

50 CFR Part 16, Chapter 53, § 3371(b)

Injurious

Wild mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, fishes, crustaceans, mollusks and their offspring or eggs that are] deemed to be injurious or potentially injurious to the health and welfare of human beings, to the interest of forestry, agriculture, and horticulture, and to the welfare and survival of the wildlife or wildlife resources of the United States

50 CFR Part 16

Introduce

stock, plant, release or otherwise put an invasive species into the outdoor environment or use an invasive species in this state anywhere except within an indoor facility which is designed to physically contain the organisms, including but not limited to a laboratory, greenhouse, growth chamber or fermenter

Wis. Adm. Code NR 40

To release a species into the waters of the state

Iowa Adm. Code 571-90

The intentional or unintentional escape, release, dissemination, or placement of a species into an ecosystem as a result of human activity.

Executive Order 13112 Invasive Species

The intentional or unintentional escape, release, dissemination, or placement of an organism into an ecosystem to which it is not native.

Executive Order 13751 Safeguarding the Nation from the Impacts of Invasive Species 2016-29519.pdf (govinfo.gov)

Invasive species

Nonindigenous species whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health.

Wis. Stats. 23.22(1)(c)

“Invasive species” has the meaning given it in s. 23.22(1)(c), Stats. In addition, invasive species means nonnative species including hybrids, cultivars, subspecific taxa, and genetically modified variants whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health, and includes individual specimens, eggs, larvae, seeds, propagules, and any other viable life-stages of such species. For fish, invasive species includes all nonnative species.

Wis. Adm. Code NR 40

An alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health

https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/invasive-species-definition-clarification-and-guidance Executive Order 13112 Invasive Species

Legislation

Legislation refers to the preparation and enactment of laws by a legislative body through its lawmaking process. An idea becomes an item of legislative business when it is written as a bill. A bill is a draft, or tentative version, of what might become part of the written law. A bill that is enacted is called an act or statute. Legislation is the law enacted by a legislature, the law-making body of the government.

Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School; https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-legislation-and-regulation/

Native Species

A species indigenous to Wisconsin and includes an individual specimen

Wis. Adm. Code NR 40

A species that, other than as a result of an introduction, historically occurred or currently occurs in that ecosystem.

Executive Order 13112 Invasive Species

Neutral terminology

Pragmatic descriptive terms framed by the stages of invasion

A neutral terminology to define ‘invasive’ species - Colautti - 2004 - Diversity and Distributions - Wiley Online Library

Non native species

A species not indigenous to Wisconsin and includes an individual specimen

Wis. Adm. Code NR 40

An organism, including its seeds, eggs, spores, or other biological material capable of propagating that species, that occurs outside of its natural range.

Executive Order 13751 Safeguarding the Nation from the Impacts of Invasive Species

Nonindigenoous Species

Any species or other viable biological material that enters an ecosystem beyond its historic range, including any such organism transferred from one country into another.

Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990

Online marketplace

An e-commerce website that connects sellers with buyers where all transactions are managed by the website owner

Online retailers

A person or a business that sells goods via the internet directly to customers

Pathway (CBD)

Pathways are a means by which AIS are introduced. The six main categories are: Release, Escape, Containment, Stowaway, Corridor and Unaided. Subcategories are nested within these six pathway categories and separate out the different reasons or ways in which species are either intentionally or unintentionally transported or disperse.

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/9d85/3bc5/d640f059d03acd717602cd76/sbstta-22-inf-09-en.pdf

The mechanisms and processes by which non-native species are moved, intentionally or unintentionally, into a new ecosystem.

Executive Order 13751 Safeguarding the Nation from the Impacts of Invasive Species

Possess

To own, maintain control over, restrain, hold, grow, raise or keep

Wis. Adm. Code NR 40

Prevention

The action of stopping invasive species from being introduced or spreading into a new ecosystem.

Executive Order 13751 Safeguarding the Nation from the Impacts of Invasive Species

Prohibited

Species not widely distributed in a state; unlawful to possess, introduce, import, sell or offer that species for sale as a live organism

http://www.legislature.mi.gov/(S(dol44qjsrrieya45sgjptg45))/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-451-1994-III-2-1-WILDLIFE-CONSERVATION-413.pdf

Regulation

A “regulation” is defined as a rule or order, having legal force, usually issued by an administrative agency. Regulation is restrictions or rules imposed by regulatory bodies, or the executive body of the government, on its subjects in order to comply with law that was passed from the legislature.

Providence Yakima Med. Ctr. v. Sebelius, 611 F.3d 1181 (9th Cir. 2010) (citing Black's Law Dictionary (8th ed. 2004)). https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-legislation-and-regulation/

Regulator

A person or organization appointed by a government to regulate an area of activity

Collins Dictionary

Release - pathway category (CBD)

Release and corresponding pathway subcategories, describe situations in which species are intentionally transported and introduced by humans to regions in which they are non-native. Species introduced through Release pathways are typically introduced into (semi)natural environments rather than into confined or controlled situations.

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/9d85/3bc5/d640f059d03acd717602cd76/sbstta-22-inf-09-en.pdf

Retailer

A person or business that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale; someone who owns or manages a store or website that sells goods to the public; a company that buys products from a manufacturer or wholesaler and sells them to end users or customers

Cambridge Dictionary; Online Learning Institute

Standardized terms

Seven common terms effective for most situations

FOR370/FR439: Standardized Invasive Species Terminology for Effective Outreach Education (ufl.edu)

Stowaway - pathway category (CBD)

The Stowaway category refers to the unintentional or accidental movement of live organisms as stowaway or hitchhikers, attached to a multitude of means of transport and associated equipment and media. The physical means of Stowaway include various transportation methods: ballast water and sediments, biofouling of ships, boats, offshore oil and gas platforms and other water vessels, dredging, angling or fishing equipment, civil aviation, sea, and air containers. Stowaways of any other vehicles and equipment for human activities, in military activities, emergency relief, aid and response, international development assistance, waste dispersal, recreational boating, tourism (e.g., tourists and their luggage) are also included under this pathway.

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/9d85/3bc5/d640f059d03acd717602cd76/sbstta-22-inf-09-en.pdf

Transfer

To buy sell, trade, barter, exchange, give, or receive or to offer to buy, sell, trade, barter, exchange, give or re

Wis. Adm. Code NR 40

Transport

To cause, or attempt to cause, an invasive species to be imported or carried or moved within the state, and includes accepting or receiving a specimen for the purpose of transportation or shipment

Wis, Adm. Code NR 40

To cause a species to be moved into or within the state, and includes accepting a species for transportation or shipment

Iowa Adm. Code 571-90

To move, convey, carry, or ship by any means, or to deliver or receive for the purpose of movement, conveyance, carriage, or shipment.

50 CFR, Part 16, Chapter 53, § 3371(k)

Transship

Sale where fish are re-bagged/re-oxed, but not placed into holding tanks; Transshipment, trans-shipment or transhipment is the shipment of goods or containers to an intermediate destination, then to another destination.

Unaided - pathway category (CBD)

Species that spread to new regions by natural dispersal, without action or assistance by humans, from regions in which they are alien and were introduced by one of the other introduction pathways

https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/9d85/3bc5/d640f059d03acd717602cd76/sbstta-22-inf-09-en.pdf

Unintentional Introduction

An introduction of nonindigenous species that occurs as the result of activities other than the purposeful or intentional introduction of the species involved, such as the transport of nonindigenous species in ballast or in water used to transport fish, mollusks or crustaceans for aquaculture or other purposes.

Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990 COMPS-2976.pdf (govinfo.gov)